| 摘要: |
| 《中华人民共和国海岛保护法》的出台标志着我国海岛管理工作正式进入法制化和规范化的阶段，但法前历史遗留问题的妥善处理是横亘在我国海岛管理工作面前的重要课题，其中无居民海岛林权历史遗留问题的处理是关键和难点。无居民海岛林权问题的解决难点表现在：法律依据不足；无居民海岛属于国家所有与岛上集体所有林权的矛盾，以及无居民海岛集体所有林权与海岛使用权的权属重叠矛盾；无居民海岛纳入林地用途管制问题。文章通过分析和总结地方管理部门对无居民海岛林权问题的处理经验，发现仍然存在诸多问题，包括政府征收集体林地法律依据不足、林地补偿成本偏高、不动产权利类型登记不明确、用地类型变更不适用于无居民海岛、林权问题对用岛项目影响较大等。针对以上问题，通过构建无居民海岛林权问题处理路径，以期完善我国的无居民海岛管理制度。从法律层面，针对无居民海岛的特殊性，修订完善法律法规；从管理层面，建立无居民海岛开发利用项目占用林地预审制度和无居民海岛集体林地征收制度，确定合理的征收补偿标准和补偿方式，并将无居民海岛林地使用权按无居民海岛使用权处理，加强无居民海岛开发利用项目的全过程监管，构建无居民海岛森林资源数据库和管理信息系统；从技术层面，做好无居民海岛本底调查，在单岛规划中开展无居民海岛生态适宜性评价，加强无居民海岛主导用途和用岛类型分类研究。 |
| 关键词: 无居民海岛 林权 开发利用 历史遗留问题 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2023.06.002 |
| Received:August 25, 2022Revised:April 17, 2023 |
| 基金项目:自然资源部第二海洋研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（JG2217）；浙江省自然科学基金项目（LY15D060003）. |
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| The Historical Problem and Solution of Forest Right in Uninhabited Islands |
| YU Miao,TAN Yonghua,WANG Degang,MO Wei |
| Second Institute of Oceanography，MNR;Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology，MNR |
| Abstract: |
| The promulgation of the “Island Protection Law of the People′s Republic of China” marks that the island management work of China has officially entered the stage of legalization and standardization. However, the proper handling of the historical problem left over before the law is an important issue in front of island management in China, among which the handling of the problems left over by the history of forest right in uninhabited islands is the key and difficult point. The difficulties in solving the forest rights of uninhabited islands are as follows: first, the legal basis for solving the forest rights of uninhabited islands is insufficient; Second, the contradiction between state ownership of uninhabited islands and collective ownership of forest right on uninhabited islands, and the overlapping contradiction between the collective ownership of forest right on uninhabited islands and the right to use the island; Third, the uninhabited islands into forest land use control. By analyzing and summarizing the experience of local management departments in dealing with the forest right of uninhabited islands, it is found that there are still many problems: the legal basis of collective forest land expropriation by the government is insufficient, the cost of forest land compensation is high, unclear registration of real estate right type, the change of land use type is not suitable for uninhabited islands, and the forest right have a great influence on the island project, etc. Aiming at the above problems, the management system of uninhabited islands in China is expected to be improved by constructing the treatment path of forest right problem of uninhabited islands. From the legal level, according to the particularity of uninhabited islands, revise and improve laws and regulations; From the management level, the pre-examination system of forest land occupied by development and utilization projects of uninhabited islands and the collection system of collective forest land of uninhabited islands should be established, and reasonable compensation standards and methods should be determined, and the right to use forest land of uninhabited islands should be treated according to the right to use land of uninhabited islands, to strengthen the supervision of the whole process of uninhabited island development and utilization projects, build the database and management information system of uninhabited island forest resources. From the technical level, the background investigation of uninhabited islands should be done well. The ecological suitability evaluation of uninhabited islands should be carried out in the single island planning. The ecological suitability evaluation of uninhabited islands should be carried out in the single island planning. The research on the dominant uses and types of islands used by projects of uninhabited islands should be strengthened. |
| Key words: Uninhabited islands,Forest right,Development and utilization,Historical problem |
