| 摘要: |
| 海洋微生物在驱动海洋生态系统物质代谢及维持海洋初级生产力方面发挥着重要的作用。由于传统海洋生物调查方法常低估微生物群落多样性，文章基于 16S/18S 核糖体核糖核酸
（ribosomal RNA，rRNA）基因高通量扩增子测序技术，分析了宁波近岸海域（包括杭州湾、象山港、象山东部和三门湾 4 个区域）水体和沉积物中原核和真核生物多样性。结果表明，宁波近岸海域不同生境中原核生物种类数均高于真核生物，其中三门湾沉积物中原核生物种类最为丰 富。原核生物中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）占绝对优势，真核生物中甲藻门（Dinoflagellata）为 第一优势门。α 多样性指数结果显示，水体环境中不同区域微生物群落多样性差异显著，象山港群落多样性最高，杭州湾最低；沉积物环境中各区域差异相对较小。β 多样性结果显示，象山东部在水体环境中与其他区域的群落结构差异显著，而沉积物中三门湾与象山港、杭州湾群落结构 差异显著。MetagenomeSeq 分析表明，杭州湾与其他区域的差异主要表现为 SAR11 类群Ⅰa 分支
（SAR11 Clade Ia）在水体环境中丰度最低，反而在沉积物环境中最高。文章初步掌握了宁波近岸海域海洋微生物资源的空间分布特征，对该区域海洋生物资源的开发利用及海洋生态环境的可持 续管护具有重要意义。 |
| 关键词: 宁波近岸海域 原核生物 真核生物 多样性 高通量测序 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2026.05.008 |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-24修订日期：2026-05-15 |
| 基金项目:宁波市重点研发计划“海洋生物质资源化利用除污集成技术攻关”（2023Z045）． |
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| Diversity and Distribution of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in Water and Sediments of Ningbo Coastal Waters |
| XU Zhihui，HUANG Hailong，HU Hanjing，SUN Yuyang1，WEI Yongjie，REN Min |
| Ningbo Marine Engineering Survey and Research Institute Co.，Ltd.;Ningbo University;Ningbo Marine Center，MNR |
| Abstract: |
| Marine microorganisms play a crucial role in driving material cycling within marine ecosystems and contributing to marine primary productivity．Since traditional marine biological survey methods often underestimate microbial community diversity，this study utilized high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S/18S ribosomal RNA（rRNA）genes to analyze the diversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the water and sediments of Ningbo coastal waters（including four regions：Hangzhou Bay，Xiangshan Bay，eastern Xiangshan，and Sanmen Bay）．The results showed that the species richness of prokaryotes was higher than that of eukaryotes in different habitats of Ningbo coastal waters，with the highest prokaryotic species richness observed in the sediments of Sanmen Bay．Proteobacteria was the absolutely dominant phylum in prokaryotes， while Dinoflagellata represented the most dominant phylum in eukaryotes．The results of the α-diversity indices indicated that there were significant differences in microbial community diversity across different regions in the water environment；Xiangshan Bay exhibited the highest diversity，while Hangzhou Bay had the lowest．In the sedimentary environment，differences among regions were relatively small．The β-diversity results showed that the community structure in the water of eastern Xiangshan differed significantly from that in other regions， whereas in the sediments，the community structure of Sanmen Bay differed significantly from those of Xiangshan Bay and Hangzhou Bay．MetagenomeSeq analysis indicated that the differences between Hangzhou Bay and other regions were primarily reflected in the abundance of SAR11 Clade Ia：it was the lowest in the water of Hangzhou Bay，whereas it was the highest in the sediments of Hangzhou Bay．This study preliminarily characterized the spatial distribution of marine microbial resources in Ningbo coastal waters，which holds great significance for the exploitation and utilization of marine biological resources and the sustainable development of the marine ecological environment in this region． |
| Key words: Ningbo coastal waters Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Diversity High-throughput sequencing |
