| 摘要: |
| 为明确福岛核事故后中国海域 137Cs 的长期变化及多介质环境响应特征，文章系统地汇总了公开报道的中国海域海水、表层沉积物和鱼类体内 137Cs 比活度数据，并采用指数衰减拟合、分段回归分析及参数计算方法，评估了 2013 年前后 137Cs 的变化特征。结果表明，中国海域海水中137Cs 比活度在 2013 年前整体呈指数下降趋势，2013 年后发生显著正向偏移，年均附加乘性变化率为 5.8％ ；渤海、东海和南海分别为 16.9％、7.6％和 3.2％，黄海未发生显著变化。表层沉积物中 137Cs 比活度仅黄海表现出显著正向偏移，其余海域未见显著偏移。东海鱼类体内 137Cs 比活度在 2013 年后发生显著正向偏移。整体上，中国海域 137Cs 固液分配系数为（1.00±1.37）m3·kg-1， 生物富集系数为（69.0±69.8）L·kg-1，可为构建中国海域人工放射性核素环境行为参数数据库 提供参考。剂量评估显示，食用中国海域鱼类所致 137Cs 年待积有效剂量小于国家标准规定的公众年有效剂量的限值。研究表明，福岛核事故后中国海域 137Cs 比活度响应具有明显的介质差异和区域差异，仍需开展长期、多介质连续监测。 |
| 关键词: 福岛核事故 中国海域 137Cs 分段回归 固液分配系数 生物富集系数 年待积有效剂量 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2026.05.011 |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-15修订日期：2026-05-15 |
| 基金项目:科技部重大研发项目“海陆交互带地下水污染诊断与风险管控技术体系”（2023YFC3709003）． |
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| Long-term Trends and Environmental Behavior of 137Cs in Multiple Environmental Media of the China Seas After the Fukushima Nuclear Accident |
| YAO Zhipeng，WANG Jinlong |
| State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research，East China Normal University |
| Abstract: |
| To clarify the long-term variation of 137Cs in the China Seas after the Fukushima nuclear accident and the characteristics of its environmental responses across multiple media，this study systematically compiled publicly reported activity concentration data of 137Cs in seawater，surface sediments，and fish from the China Seas． Exponential decay fitting，segmented regression analysis，and parameter calculation were applied to evaluate the variation characteristics of 137Cs before and after 2013．The results showed that the activity concentratio of 137Cs in seawater of the China Seas generally followed an exponential decreasing trend before 2013 and exhibited a significant positive offset after 2013，with an additional annual multiplicative change rate of 5.8 ％． The corresponding rates for the Bohai Sea，East China Sea，and South China Sea were 16.9％，7.6％，and 3.2％， respectively，whereas no significant change was observed in the Yellow Sea．For the activity concentration of 137Cs in surface sediments，only the Yellow Sea exhibited a significant positive shift，whereas no significant systematic shift was observed in the other sea areas．The activity concentration of 137Cs in fish from the East China Sea showed a significant positive offset after 2013．Overall, the sediment distribution coefficients and bioconcentration factor for biota of 137Cs in the China Seas were（1.00±1.37）m3·kg-1 and（69.0±69.8）L·kg-1， respectively，which could provide reference values for establishing environmental behavior parameter databases for artificial radionuclides in the China Seas．Dose assessment indicated that the annual committed effective dose caused by consumption of fish from the China Seas was below the national annual effective dose limit for the public．This study suggests that the response of the activity concentration of 137Cs in the China Seas after the Fukushima nuclear accident shows clear media-specific and regional differences，highlighting the need for long- term，continuous，and multi-media monitoring． |
| Key words: Fukushima nuclear accident China Seas 137Cs Segmented regression Sediment distribution coefficients Bioconcentration factor for biota Annual committed effective dose |
