| 摘要: |
| 在全球海上油气设施集中退役与沿海空间由增量扩张转向存量优化的背景下，退役海上构筑物处置已从环境风险管理问题转变为影响海域空间重组与蓝色经济转型的重要议题。我国现行治理 体系受用途绑定的权属结构、平面化海域管理模式及“风险优先”的制度路径影响，退役设施往往 被制度性界定为应清除对象，其再利用缺乏合法性基础。文章构建“权属逻辑—规划嵌入—风险决策—经济激励”四维分析框架，对美国“平台转化为人工鱼礁”（Rigs to Reefs）计划及欧洲相关实践进行比较分析，揭示国际制度由“强制移除”向“分类评估与功能再生并行”转型的治理逻辑。研 究发现，退役设施再利用的制度基础在于建立分类评估机制、分层设权制度及责任重构安排。在此 基础上，提出以“三生融合”为导向的退役设施转型路径，为海域存量空间再组织提供制度参考。 |
| 关键词: 退役海上构筑物 海域空间治理 退役设施再利用 陆海分治 海域使用制度 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2026.04.007 |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-13修订日期：2026-04-15 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Reusing Decommissioned Offshore Structures for Marine Spatial Optimization |
| HE Jingrui，LIU Shufen，HU Heng，YUE Qi，WANG Donghai，ZHANG Yin |
| National Ocean Technology Center |
| Abstract: |
| Against the backdrop of large-scale global decommissioning of offshore oil and gas infrastructure and the shift of coastal development from incremental expansion to the optimization of existing spatial resources, the disposal of decommissioned offshore structures has evolved from a matter of environmental risk management into a key issue affecting marine spatial reorganization and the transformation of the blue economy. In China, the current governance framework-characterized by use-bound property rights, a planar marine-area management model, and a risk-first institutional path-tends to define decommissioned facilities as objects to be removed, leaving their potential for reuse without a clear legal basis. This study develops a four-dimensional analytical framework encompassing property rights logic, planning integration, risk decision-making, and economic incentives. Through a comparative analysis of the U.S. "Rigs-to-Reefs" program and related European practices, it reveals an institutional transition from The removal governance model classification-based assessment with functional frameworks. ased on this , the paper institutional resources. |
| Key words: Decommissioned offshore structures Marine spatial governance Reuse of decommissioned facilities Land-sea divided governance Sea area use system |
