| 引用本文： |
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刘森,王彬,崔健,徐玉山,陈晓冉,于丹,牛福新.天津大神堂牡蛎礁生态系统现状及影响因素研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2026,43(1):102-111
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| 摘要: |
| 牡蛎礁是海岸带重要的生态系统，具有较高的经济价值和生态服务功能。天津大神堂牡蛎礁 是迄今为止发现的我国北方纬度最高的现代活体牡蛎礁生态系统，其对维护周围海域生态功能、认 知渤海湾海陆变迁历史等具有重要作用。然而，目前针对这一典型生态系统的现状及影响因素的认 知不够，亟待加强。文章基于 2021—2023 年天津大神堂牡蛎礁生态系统牡蛎种群、底栖生物群落和环境要素等系统性研究结果，明确了该生态系统牡蛎种群现状，揭示了影响因素。结果表明，天津大神堂牡蛎礁造礁种类为长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas），密度为 237 ～ 2 680 个 /m2；生态系统内底栖生物群落较为稳定，礁区内外底栖生物多样性指数差异较大；水体环境受陆源输入影响明显。 研究期间，牡蛎密度整体呈上升趋势，退化趋势有所减缓，但仍面临渔业捕捞、海洋工程建设和陆 源污染等诸多人为因素的影响，其生存形势仍然严峻，建议相关管理部门加强维护管控。 |
| 关键词: 牡蛎礁生态系统 长牡蛎 影响因素 保护修复 天津大神堂 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2026.01.002 |
| 投稿时间：2025-09-07修订日期：2025-12-10 |
| 基金项目:自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室开放基金项目（2023112）；自然资源部北海局海洋科技项目（202410）；自然资源部部省合作项目（2024ZRBSHZ106）；天津市规划和自然资源局科技项目（KJ〔2023〕36）． |
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| Ecological Status and Influencing Factors of the Dashentang Oyster Reef in Tianjin |
| LIU Sen,WANG Bin,CUI Jian,XU Yushan,CHEN Xiaoran,YU Dan,NIU Fuxin |
| Tianjin Marine Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources（Tianjin Marine Forecasting Station of the Ministry of Natural Resources）;Tianjin Marine Environment Monitoring and Forecasting Center;Key Laboratory of Bohai Sea Ecological Early Warning and Protection and Restoration，MNR |
| Abstract: |
| Oyster reefs are important coastal ecosystem，possessing high economic value and significant ecological service functions．The Dashentang oyster reef in Tianjin is recognized as the modern living oyster reef ecosystem with the highest latitude discovered so far in northern China．It plays an essential role in maintaining the ecological functions of the adjacent waters and contributes to the understanding of historical interactions between the sea and land in Bohai Bay．However，the current situation and the influencing factors of this typical ecosystem is insufficient studie and requires further investigation． A comprehensive survey focused on the oyster population，benthic biological community and environmental factors was conducted during 2021 to 2023．The current situation and influencing factors of the oyster ecosystem were analyzed in this study．The results indicated that the reef-building species in the Dashentang Oyster Reef is Crassostrea gigas，with a density ranging from 237 to 2 680 individuals per square meter．The benthic biological community within the ecosystem is relatively stable，and there is a large difference in the biodiversity index of benthic organisms inside and outside the reef area．The water environment is significantly affected by terrestrial inputs．During the study period，the overall density of oysters showed an upward trend，and the degradation trend has slowed down. Nevertheless，the oyster reef ecosystem is still affected by various human activities，including fishery harvesting， marine engineering construction，and terrestrial pollution，and its survival situation remains severe．Therefore， is recommended that relevant management departments strengthen maintenance and protection of the Dashentang oyster reef. |
| Key words: Oyster reef ecosystem,Crassostrea gigas,Influencing factors,Protection and restoration,Tianjin Dashentang |
