| 摘要: |
| 海上能源岛作为海洋可再生能源开发利用的创新载体，通过多能互补、系统集成和资源集约高效利用，正在重塑全球能源格局。文章从概念定义、重要性、可行性、国外案例、考虑因素 及建设方案等多维度，系统分析了能源岛的发展趋势以及我国建设海上能源岛的必要性。利用海岛（自然海岛或人工岛）作为海上绿色能源岛（绿色能源集散中心）能够有效提升海上风电能源存储和传输效率，整体效率可提高 25％，实现稳定的电力输出。随着生产成本的降低，利用海上风电生产绿氢将是氢能的主要来源之一，海上能源岛将成为绿氢的生产和储运基地。光伏、潮流能、波浪能等能源形式的加入，为实现能源岛多能互补提供了保障。能源岛及周边海上风电平台可以搭载各种观测仪器，提供连续在线的观监测服务，为海洋防灾减灾提供了不可多得的信息平台。高质量发展下的新型海上绿色能源岛建设将有助于中国“双碳”目标的实现。 |
| 关键词: 能源岛 绿氢 储能 能源转换 多能互补 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.12.003 |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-07修订日期：2025-12-22 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Reflections on the Comprehensive Development Paths of Offshore Energy Islands in China |
| WENG Yichan,ZHOU Gang,PENG Ligong |
| East China Sea Forecast and Mitigation Center，MNR;Support Center of the East China Sea Bureau，MNR |
| Abstract: |
| Offshore energy islands，as innovative carriers for the development and utilization of marine renewable energy，are reshaping the global energy landscape through multi-energy complementarity，system integration， and efficient use of resources. This article systematically analyzes the development trends of energy islands and the necessity of constructing offshore energy islands in China from various dimensions，including concept definition， importance，feasibility，foreign cases，considerations，and construction plans. Using islands（natural or artificial）as offshore green energy islands（green energy distribution center）can effectively enhance the storage and transmission solutions for offshore wind energy，increasing overall efficiency by up to 25％ and achieving stable power output. With the reduction in production costs，offshore wind energy for green hydrogen production will become one of the main sources of hydrogen energy，with offshore energy islands serving as production and storage bases for green hydrogen. The integration of energy forms like photovoltaic，tidal，and wave energy provides assurance for achieving multi-energy complementary in energy islands. Energy islands and surrounding offshore wind platforms can be equipped with various observation instruments to provide continuous online monitoring services， offering a valuable information platform for marine disaster prevention and reduction. The construction of new offshore green energy islands under high-quality development will contribute to China’s dual carbon goals. |
| Key words: Energy island,Green hydrogen,Energy storage,Energy conversion,Multi-energy complementarity |
