| 摘要: |
| 随着全球气温持续升高，北极冰层加速融化，北极航道逐步具备商业化通航条件，其环境保护问题日益凸显。船舶燃料中普遍使用的重油（HFO），在燃烧与泄漏过程中对极地生态系统造成严重危害，国际海事组织于 2021 年通过的重油禁令成为北极航道环境治理的重要制度。然而，由于禁令豁免条款宽泛、执行机制不足及替代燃料体系尚不完善，重油污染的防控效果仍然有限。在经济、技术和制度的多重压力下，重油禁令的实施带来了生态保护与航运成本之间的矛盾，这对发展中国家尤为不利。中国可在多边框架下积极参与北极环境治理，通过与俄罗斯及日韩构建多边合作机制，在低政治领域推动科研、原住民文化与环境保护方面的协作，并探索区域化豁免路径。通过技术创新与制度协调并行的方式，有望在平衡生态保护与航运发展的基础上为北极航道治理提供新的思路与中国方案。 |
| 关键词: 北极航道 重油禁令 环境保护 合作治理 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.12.005 |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-11修订日期：2025-12-18 |
| 基金项目:黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“重油禁令背景下北极航道环境保护法律问题研究”（22XB100）． |
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| The Challenges of Environmental Governance in the Arctic Shipping Route Under the Heavy Oil Ban and China’s Response |
| LUO Meng,QIU Jiawen |
| Harbin Engineering University |
| Abstract: |
| As global temperatures continue to rise，the accelerated melting of Arctic ice has made the Arctic shipping routes increasingly viable for commercial navigation，bringing growing attention to environmental protection issues in the region．Heavy fuel oil（HFO），widely used in marine transport，poses severe threats to the fragile Arctic ecosystem through combustion emissions and oil spills．The International Maritime Organization’s 2021 ban on the use and carriage of HFO in Arctic waters marks a significant step in Arctic environmental governance．However，the extensive exemption clauses，weak enforcement mechanisms，and underdeveloped alternative fuel systems have limited its effectiveness in curbing HFO-related pollution．Under mounting economic，technological，and institutional pressures，the implementation of the HFO ban has created tensions between ecological protection and shipping costs， disproportionately affecting developing countries．Within a multilateral framework，China can play a constructive role in Arctic environmental governance by strengthening energy and technological cooperation with Russia，Japan， and South Korea，promoting collaboration in scientific research，Indigenous cultural exchange，and environmental protection in low-politics areas，and exploring regionally differentiated exemption schemes．Through the dual approach of technological innovation and institutional coordination，new pathways may emerge for balancing ecological conservation and maritime development，contributing a distinct“Chinese approach”to Arctic shipping governance. |
| Key words: Arctic shipping routes,Heavy Fuel Oil Ban,Environmental protection,Cooperative governance |
