| 摘要: |
| 在全球海洋治理格局加速重构的背景下，国家管辖范围外区域海洋遗传资源的惠益分享机 制成为 BBNJ 协定谈判的核心议题之一。面对惠益分享机制长期缺乏统一的国际法规则约束与制度支撑的现实困境，BBNJ 协定既为构建更具包容性的海洋治理框架提供了重要窗口期，也带来了一系列亟待破解的问题， 包括海洋遗传资源法律属性界定不明确、惠益分配制度构建不完善， 以及惠益分享与知识产权之间的权利冲突难以平衡等。在此背景下，中国可依托“人类命运共同 体”的价值共识，从 3 个方面推进国际海洋治理体系革新：其一，通过多边协商平台推动 BBNJ 协定实施细则的民主化制定；其二，构建基于发展权平等原则的差异化责任分担机制；其三，创 新非货币化惠益共享路径以破解知识产权困局。这种参与策略既能彰显中国在全球治理中的建设 性作用，又可为现代化治理理念的国际传播提供实践载体，进而实现国家战略与全球体系改革的 良性互动。 |
| 关键词: BBNJ 协定 国家管辖范围外区域 海洋遗传资源 惠益分享 人类命运共同体 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.11.001 |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-09修订日期：2025-11-05 |
| 基金项目:2024 年度辽宁省教育厅规划基金项目“中国参与国际海底区域海洋生态环境治理路径研究”（LJ112410158005）． |
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| Reflections on the Benefit-Sharing System for Marine Genetic Resources Under the BBNJ Agreement |
| LIU Yi |
| School of Marine Law and Humanities，Dalian Ocean University |
| Abstract: |
| In the context of the accelerated restructuring of global ocean governance，the mechanism for sharing benefits from marine genetic resources beyond national jurisdiction has become one of the core issues in the negotiations of the BBNJ Agreement．Facing the long-standing lack of unified international legal rules and institutional support for benefit-sharing mechanisms，the BBNJ Agreement not only provides an important window of opportunity for building a more inclusive marine governance framework but also brings a series of issues that urgently need to be addressed， including the unclear legal attributes of marine genetic resources，the incomplete design of the benefit distribution system，and the difficulty in balancing the rights conflicts between benefit-sharing and intellectual property rights．In this context，China can leverage the value consensus of a“community with a shared future for mankind”to advance the innovation of the international ocean governance system in three aspects：first，promoting the democratic formulation of the BBNJ Agreement’s implementation rules through multilateral consultation platforms；second， establishing a differentiated responsibility-sharing mechanism based on the principle of equal development rights；third， innovating non-monetary benefit-sharing pathways to resolve the intellectual property dilemma．This participatory strategy not only highlights China’s constructive role in global governance but also provides a practical platform for the international dissemination of modern governance concepts，thereby achieving positive interaction between national strategies and global system reform． |
| Key words: BBNJ Agreement,Areas beyond national jurisdiction,Marine genetic resources,Benefit-sharing, Community with a shared future for mankind |
