| 摘要: |
| 斯匹次卑尔根群岛（以下简称斯岛）是北极重要的岛屿，蕴藏丰富的矿产资源。挪威依据1925年《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》（以下简称《斯约》）主张斯岛的主权，并以此主张对大陆架的主权权利。其他缔约国则依据《斯约》平等原则主张同样享有在斯岛大陆架的资源权利。斯岛大陆架的争议本质是《斯约》与《联合国海洋法公约》（以下简称《公约》）适用不同的解释原则产生的法律争议。作为能源出口大国，挪威将斯岛大陆架划入拟开发区域的做法必然引发缔约国的质疑，并成为继斯岛渔业保护区争议后的又一挑战。作为《斯约》缔约国和北极利益攸关方，中国依据《斯约》享有在斯岛的权利并承担相应的义务，中国应关注缔约国对斯岛大陆架权利的态度，厘清《斯约》大陆架权利主张的法律依据及解释原则，充分利用《斯约》和《公约》赋予的权利，在认识和保护北极的同时，拓展中国合法的北极权益。 |
| 关键词: 《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》 《联合国海洋法公约》 斯匹次卑尔根群岛 大陆架 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.20251208.001 |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-22修订日期：2025-05-15 |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金项目“《斯瓦尔巴条约》与中国的北极权益拓展”（17BFX140）. |
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| Legal Disputes and Political Games Over the Continental Shelf of the Spitsbergen Islands in the Arctic |
| LU Fanghua |
| School of Law and Literature, North China Institute of Science and Technology |
| Abstract: |
| Spitsbergen Islands (Spitsbergen for short) are an important island in the Arctic region and rich in mineral resources. Norway claims sovereignty over Spitsbergen Island under the 1925 Treaty of Spitsbergen (referred to as the "Treaty"), thereby claiming sovereign rights over the continental shelf. But other parties claim that they also have resource rights on the Spitsbergen continental shelf in accordance with the principle of equality stipulated in the treaty. The Spitsbergen continental shelf dispute essentially stems from the different interpretation principles applicable to the treaty and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (referred to as the "Convention"). As a major energy exporter, Norway′s inclusion of the Spitsbergen Continental Shelf in its planned development area will inevitably arouse doubts from other contracting parties and become another challenge after the dispute over the Spitsbergen Fisheries Reserve. As a party to the treaty and an Arctic stakeholder, China enjoys rights and assumes corresponding obligations on Spitsbergen Island under the treaty. China should pay attention to the attitude of States parties towards Spitsbergen′s continental shelf rights, clarify the legal basis and interpretation principles for claims of continental shelf rights under the treaty, make full use of the rights granted by treaties and conventions, and expand its legal rights and interests in the Arctic while recognizing and protecting the Arctic. |
| Key words: The Treaty of Spitsbergen, The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Spitsbergen Islands, Continental shelf |
