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邓邦平,陈豪,何彦龙,陈思思,季晓,李珺,谭赛章,纪焕红,姚炜民,江志兵.2004—2018年崇明东滩保护区海洋生态环境状况变化特征[J].海洋开发与管理,2024,41(11):111-122
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| 2004—2018年崇明东滩保护区海洋生态环境状况变化特征 |
| 邓邦平,陈豪,何彦龙,陈思思,季晓,李珺,谭赛章,纪焕红,姚炜民,江志兵 |
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| 自然资源部东海生态中心;自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室;自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室 自然资源部第二海洋研究所; 浙江省近海海洋工程环境与生态安全重点实验室 |
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| 摘要: |
| 近年来高强度人类活动导致一系列环境问题，长江口生态系统面临巨大压力。上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区和长江口中华鲟湿地自然保护区作为长江口生态系统重要的部分，查明其生态环境状况的长期变化，是对其进行有效管理保护的前提。文章基于2004—2018年的夏季观测数据，对保护区的海洋生态环境变化进行分析。研究海域化学需氧量呈现上升趋势，溶解氧含量在2012年后明显下降；虽然水体富营养化状况严重，氮磷比和硅氮比均呈上升趋势，但富营养化指数存在下降趋势，且无机氮含量在2013年达到峰值后急剧下降；生物数据受赤潮等突发事件影响，年际波动较大，种类数（除潮间带生物）总体表现出上升趋势，浮游植物优势种中硅藻的优势度有所下降，浮游动物群落表现出小型化、胶质化趋势，大型底栖动物群落中小型种的占比上升。环境因子变化趋势表明区域环境状况有所好转，但是生物指标变化表明生境并不稳定。 |
| 关键词: 长江口 崇明东滩保护区 长期变化 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2024.11.007 |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-06修订日期：2024-09-30 |
| 基金项目:自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室“揭榜挂帅”项目“特定海域空间利用管理模式和关键技术专题研究”（MEMRT2024JBGS01）；自然资源部东海局青年海洋科学基金项目“基于国土空间用途管制的海洋生态保护红线制度监督与评估”（2023180201）、“长三角海洋保护地发展现状及保护修复策略”（202202）；重点研发计划项目“近岸海域氮磷污染陆海气协同防治关键技术研究与示范”（2021YFC3101702）、“有毒有害赤潮综合防控技术体系构建与应用”(2022YFC3105205). |
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| The Ecological Environment Variations in the Chongming Dongtan Reverse During 2004-2018 |
| DENG Bangping,CHEN Hao,HE Yanlong,CHEN Sisi,JI Xiao,LI Jun,TAN Saizhang,JI Huanhong,YAO Weimin,JIANG Zhibing |
| East China Sea Ecological Center, MNR; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies, MNR;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR; Key Laboratory of Nearshore Engineering Environment and Ecological Security of Zhejiang Province |
| Abstract: |
| In recent years, the ecosystem of the Yangtze estuary has been under pressure due to environmental problems caused by human activities. The Chongming Dongtan Reserve and the Acipenser sinensis Reserve are important parts of the Yangtze estuary ecosystem. Studying the long-term changes in their ecological status is a prerequisite for their management and protection. Based on the data during 2004-2018, the changes in the ecological environment of the reserves were analyzed. The chemical oxygen (COD) concentration increased and the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration decreased after 2012. The eutrophication status was serious, the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio (N/P) and silicon-nitrogen ratio (Si/N) increased, but the eutrophication index decreased, and the inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration decreased rapidly after 2013. Biotic factors changed largely. The number of species (except intertidal organisms) increased. The diatom dominance among phytoplankton dominant species has decreased. The zooplankton community underwent changes with a tendency towards miniaturization and gelatinization. The species of the benthic fauna tended to be miniaturized. Trends in environmental factors indicate an improving environment. However, changes in biotic factors suggest that the habitat is unstable. |
| Key words: Keywords:Yangtze River Estuary,Chongming Dongtan Reserve,Long-term variation |
