| 摘要: |
| 《BBNJ国际协定》创建海洋遗传资源惠益分享制度，变革既有立法关于该资源“先到先得”的商业利用规则；建立划区管理工具与环境影响评估的全球机制，完善现有养护规则相对独立且缺乏协调与合作的局限性。然而，已公布的《BBNJ国际协定（草案）》存在海洋遗传资源惠益分享制度分歧巨大、忽视科学基础与客观实际需要、执行与监管机制乏力、未妥善处理与已有制度的衔接等一系列问题，影响协定的成立、普遍性与规制效果。中国应明确发展中国家与发达国家的差异性需求，以交换正义兼顾各方利益；深度参与政府间谈判，以海洋命运共同体理念在全球层面引导更加公正合理国际海洋秩序的构建；加强BBNJ的采样和商业研发进程，维护与拓展海洋权益。 |
| 关键词: BBNJ国际协定 海洋遗传资源 惠益分享 划区管理工具 环境影响评估 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.20221026.001 |
| 投稿时间：2022-09-19修订日期：2023-02-27 |
| 基金项目:2021年国家社会科学基金项目“国家管辖范围外区域海洋遗传资源的获取与惠益分享制度研究”（21BFX142）. |
|
| Reform and Improvement of Legal Regulation of Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction：Comment on ‘BBNJ Agreement (Draft)’ |
| ZHANG Shanbao |
| School of Political Science and Law，University of Ji′nan |
| Abstract: |
| The “BBNJ Agreement” has created a benefit-sharing system for marine genetic resources and changed the existing legislation on the “first-come, first-served” commercial utilization rules for the resources; It also has established a global mechanism for Area-Based Management Tools and Environmental Impact Assessment, and improved the limitations of existing conservation rules that are relatively independent and lack coordination and cooperation. However, there are a series of problems in the draft, such as huge differences in the benefit sharing system of marine genetic resources, ignorance of scientific basis and objective practical needs, weak implementation and supervision mechanism, and failure to properly deal with the connection with the existing system, which will threaten the establishment, universality and regulatory effect of the agreement. China should clarify the different needs of developing countries and developed countries in order to exchange justice and take into account the interests of all parties; deeply participate in inter-governmental negotiations, and guide the construction of a more just and equitable international maritime order at the global level with the concept of Maritime Community with a Shared Future; strengthen BBNJ′s sampling and commercial process, safeguard and expand maritime rights and interests. |
| Key words: BBNJ Agreement,Marine genetic resources,Benefit sharing, Area-based management tools,Environmental impact assessment |
