| 摘要: |
| 为加强海洋生态环境保护，强化围填海和自然岸线生态环境监管制度建设，切实解决我国围填海的突出生态环境问题，文章基于2002—2018年全国围填海和自然岸线现状，分析当前我国围填海和自然岸线生态环境监管存在的不足，并提出具有针对性的对策建议。研究结果表明:全国大陆自然岸线保有率达标形势严峻；违规审批、处罚不力和监管不到位等导致大量围填海闲置以及自然岸线受损严重等问题；法律层面的滞后是造成监管不足的因素之一，建议尽快启动《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》的修订工作，从强化围填海事前审查、完善围填海事中事后监管、加强自然岸线监管保护、提高围填海生态环境损害成本和强化地方监管责任5个方面完善法律制度建设。 |
| 关键词: 围填海 自然岸线 海洋生态环境 环保督察 海域管理 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51809052）；海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室开放基金项目（201804）. |
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| The Current Situation of Sea Reclamation and Natural Coastline Ecological Environmental Supervision and the Suggestions on the Law Amendment |
| WANG Peng,ZHAO Bo,LIN Xia,YAN Jishun,ZHANG Lianjie,ZHANG Pan |
| Marine Academy of Zhejiang Province;College of Harbor，Coastal and Offshore Engineering，Hohai University;Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence of Ministry of Education，Hohai University;National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center |
| Abstract: |
| In order to strengthen the protection of marine ecological environment and the system construction of ecological environment supervision for coastal reclamation and natural shoreline,and effectively solve prominent ecological and environmental problems caused by coastal reclamation in our country,the paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions with the analysis of insufficient supervision for coastal reclamation and natural shoreline,based on the present situation of coastal reclamation and natural shoreline in China from 2002 to 2018.The result showed that the natural shoreline preservation rate of the mainland was facing a grim situation;Illegal approval,ineffective punishment and inadequate supervision had resulted in a large number of idle reclamation and serious damage to natural shorelines.The law level delay was one of the major factors that caused the imperfect supervision.It was suggested to start the revision of the “Marine Environmental Protection Law” as soon as possible,and to perfect the law and regulation from the below 5 aspects: strengthening pre-reclamation review,perfecting supervision after sea reclamation,strengthening the supervision and protection of natural shoreline,increasing cost of ecological environment damage in coastal reclamation,and strengthening local regulatory responsibility. |
| Key words: Sea reclamation,Natural coastline,Marine ecological environment,Environmental Inspectors,Sea area management |
