| 摘要: |
| 我国沿海地区是极端天气和气候事件易发频发区，也是重要的人口和经济聚集地。在全球气候变化背景下，风暴潮、海浪、海冰和海啸等海洋动力灾害的形成机理、发生规律、时空特征、损失程度呈现出新的特点，重特大海洋动力灾害对我国沿海地区造成的威胁不容忽视。文章阐述海洋动力灾害时空分布特征，在分析我国沿海地区应对海洋动力灾害现状基础上，提出我国沿海地区应对重特大海洋动力灾害的对策与建议：建议开展重特大海洋动力灾害防御相关立法研究，制订国家层面应对重特大海洋动力灾害专项应急预案，建立健全重特大海洋动力灾害保险风险补偿机制以及提升重特大海洋动力灾害科技支撑能力。 |
| 关键词: 海洋动力灾害 重特大 时空分布 应对策略 风险转移 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41701596)；中国海洋发展研究会和中国海洋发展研究中心资助项目（CAMA11201706）；海洋公益性行业科研专项（201505018，201305020）；上海市科研计划项目（19YF1413700）；博士后科学基金面上项目（2019M651429） |
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| Spatial-temporal Distribution and Countermeasures of Major and Severe Marine Dynamic Disasters in the Coastal China |
| SHI Xianwu,FANG Jiayi,LIU Shan,ZHANG Jiandong |
| Zhejiang University;National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service,MNR;School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University |
| Abstract: |
| Coastal areas in China are prone to frequent natural disasters and also important population and economic centers.Under the background of global climate change,the mechanism,frequency,temporal and spatial patterns,and losses of coastal and marine dynamic disasters such as storm surges,waves,sea ice,and tsunami are showing new characteristics.The threat of major and severe coastal and marine dynamic disasters in coastal China can not be ignored.This paper elaborated the temporal and spatial distribution of coastal and marine dynamic disasters.Based on the analysis of the status quo of coastal China in response to coastal and marine dynamic disasters,the countermeasures and suggestions to against major and severe coastal and marine dynamic disasters were proposed,including carrying out research on relevant laws and regulations,formulating a nationallevel special emergency plan,establishing the insurance compensation mechanism system,and improving the science and technology support ability for major and severe coastal and marine dynamic disasters. |
| Key words: Coastal and marine dynamic disasters,Extremely large,Spatial temporal distribution,Countermeasures,Risk transfer |
