| 摘要: |
| 为促进我国海岛的生态保护和开发利用，实现新时代海岛的可持续发展，文章概述海岛生态系统的特性以及我国相关立法过程和管理措施；重点围绕我国海岛生态保护和开发利用实践，以南麂列岛、獐子岛和舟山群岛为例，分别分析保护修复、生态利用和绿色开发3种海岛生态发展模式。研究结果表明：保护修复型以保护区建设和管理、生物资源及其生境修复为主，生态利用型以坚持生态理念、提升产业科技含量、重视环境保护和生态建设以及科学规划和管理为主，绿色开发型以制定规划、构建合理产业体系、发展循环经济以及加强基础设施和人才建设为主；3种模式的共同点为海岛资源的优化配置，可交叉选择和综合应用。在此基础上，提出海岛生态发展的6点建议，即完善法律制度体系、发展绿色能源技术、加强动态监视监测和大数据整合、建立全链条标准化体系、培养和引进专业人才以及推动应对全球挑战的国际合作。 |
| 关键词: 海岛保护 海岛生态 海岛开发利用 生态发展模式 生态岛礁 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“面向2035的海陆统筹的生态环境与资源巡查工程科技战略研究”（L1624046）. |
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| Ecological Protection and Exploitation of Islands in China in New Era |
| SUN Qiuci,TAN Yonghua,LI Jiabiao |
| Second Institute of Oceanography，SOA;State Research Center of Island Exploitation and Management |
| Abstract: |
| In order to promote the ecological protection,development and utilization of sea island in China and realize the sustainable development of sea island in the new era,this paper outlined the characteristics of the ecosystem of sea island and relevant legislative processes and management measures in China and respectively analyzed ecological development models of three islands,namely,conservation and restoration,ecological utilization and green development,which focused on the ecological protection,development and utilization practices of sea islands in China with Nanji Islands,Zhangzi Island and Zhoushan Islands as examples.The research results showed that the conservation and restoration type was mainly focused on the construction and management of protected areas and restoration of biological resources and habitat,the ecological utilization type was mainly focused on adhering to the ecological concept,promoting the scientific and technological content of the industry,attaching importance to environmental protection and ecological construction,as well as scientific planning and management and the green development type was mainly focused on formulating plans,constructing a rational industrial system,developing a circular economy,and strengthening infrastructure and talent construction;these three models,which could be crossselected and applied through integration,share the common point,that is,the optimal allocation of sea island resources.On this basis,six suggestions for the ecological development of sea island were proposed,namely,perfecting the legal system,developing green energy technologies,strengthening dynamic monitoring and surveillance and big data integration,establishing a full chain standardization system,cultivating and introducing professionals,and promoting the international cooperation confronting global challenges. |
| Key words: Sea island protection,Sea island ecology,Sea island development and utilization,Ecological development model,Ecological island and reefs |
