| 摘要: |
| 我国《水污染防治行动计划》和《近岸海域污染防治方案》中改善水质的工作目标和考核指标都是基于《地表水环境质量标准》和《海水水质标准》提出的，两项标准是我国水环境保护管理的重要抓手，在水污染防治中具有举足轻重的地位。文章对我国现行两项水环境质量标准存在的共性问题和两项标准之间衔接存在的问题进行分析，研究表明：两项标准间存在水质分类不衔接、水质指标设置不衔接、部分指标分析方法不同和部分指标标准限值衔接不科学等问题。基于此，文章建议应加强水质基准研究，尽快启动水质标准修订；针对水体富营养化问题，科学设置氮、磷指标；关注健康、安全，强化有毒有害污染物控制；科学划定河口区范围，制定河口区专属水质标准，旨在为我国水环境质量标准的修订提供参考，使水环境质量标准更好地服务于我国的水环境保护和陆海统筹的水污染防治工作。 |
| 关键词: 地表水环境质量标准 海水水质标准 标准衔接 标准修订 水环境保护 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Problems in Environmental Quality Standards of Surface Water and Marine Water in China |
| YANG Fan,LIN Zhongsheng,ZHANG Zhe,WANG Lijun,YU Limin,WANG Juying |
| National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center;Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas(SOA) |
| Abstract: |
| The objectives and evaluation indexes of improving water quality in Water Pollution Control Action Plan and National Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Coastal Areas of China are based on environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838—2002) and sea water quality standard (GB 3097—1997).The two standards are important links in Chinas water environment protection management,and they play an important role in the prevention and control of water pollution.In this paper,the existing problems of current water environmental quality standards in China were systematically analyzed,and results indicated that some problems between the two standards cannot be ignored,such as the syntaxis of water quality classification and water quality index setting between the two standards,the difference of analytical methods and standard limits of some water quality index between the two standards.Based on these results,it was suggested that the study of water quality standards should be strengthened,and the revision of water quality standards should be started as soon as possible.In order to solve the eutrophication problem,nitrogen and phosphorus indexes needed to be set up scientifically.The control of toxic and harmful pollutants should be strengthened.The scope of estuarine area and formulate exclusive water quality standards for estuaries should be scientifically defined.The purpose of this work was to provide references for the revision of water quality standard system in China,and make it better serve for China’s water environment protection and water pollution prevention and control from land to sea. |
| Key words: Environmental quality standards for surface water,Sea water quality standard,Standard syntaxes,Standard revision,Water environment protection |
