| 摘要: |
| 文章采用自然断点法对 2001—2023 年广东沿海 237 次赤潮事件的面积、持续时间、危害类型及经济损失数据资料进行分级量化，并结合赤潮致灾生物种类和环境因子，分析了广东沿海赤潮灾害的演变规律和驱动机制。结果表明：（1）广东沿海赤潮以低等级灾害为主，其中Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级赤潮分别占总次数的 66.3 ％ 和 26.1 ％，但Ⅲ级赤潮造成的经济损失占总损失的 59.57 ％。
（2）赤潮主要集中在春季，4 月为发生次数峰值，累计面积和持续时间的高峰分别出现在 3 月和11 月。（3）湛江、深圳、珠海和惠州为赤潮高发区域，其赤潮发生次数和规模占总数的 78.67％ 和 73.28％。（4）引发赤潮的生物种类涵盖硅藻门、甲藻门、金藻门及原生动物门 44 种，其中甲藻引发的赤潮次数最多，而金藻的累计面积最大。（5）赤潮发生频次和规模呈年际波动，近年来高污染排放和水体富营养化显著影响赤潮高发区域的生物群落特征和灾害风险。 |
| 关键词: 赤潮灾害 时空分布 灾害分级 广东沿海 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.09.006 |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-27修订日期：2025-08-13 |
| 基金项目:广东现代化海洋牧场渔业环境与水产品质量安全监测项目（71020238）；国家公益性科研院所专项资金（PM-zx097-201904-134）； 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海）创新团队建设项目（311021004）． |
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| Classification and Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Coastal Red Tide Disasters in Guangdong Province from 2001 to 2023 |
| LI Fengjie,XIE Haiping,LI Botong,WU Yamei,WU Jianyong,HUANG Jianrong |
| Sun Yat-sen University School of Life Sciences;Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Center;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory（Zhuhai） |
| Abstract: |
| The natural breakpoint method was applied to classify and quantify data on area，duration，hazard types and economic losses from 237 red tide events along the Guangdong coast between 2001 and 2023．Combined with data on causative organisms and environmental factors，the evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of red tide disasters along the Guangdong coastal region were analyzed．The results showed that：（1）Red tide in coastalGuangdong was dominated by low-grade disasters，in which grade I and grade Ⅱ red tides accounted for 66.3 ％ and 26.1 ％ of the total number of times，respectively，but the economic losses caused by grade Ⅲ red tides accounted for 59.57 ％ of the total losses．（2）Red tide incidents were mainly concentrated in spring，with the peak number of occurrences in April．However，the peaks of cumulative area and duration occurred in March and November，respectively．
（3）Zhanjiang，Shenzhen，Zhuhai and Huizhou were the areas with high incidence of red tide，and the number and scale of red tide occurred in 78.67％ and 73.28％ of the total．（4）There were 44 species of red tides caused by diatoms，dinoflagellates，golden algae and protozoa，among which dinoflagellates caused the largest number of red tides，and the cumulative area of golden algae was the largest．（5）The frequency and scale of red tide fluctuated interannually，and in recent years，high pollution discharge and eutrophication had significantly affected the characteristics of biological communities and disaster risks in areas with high red tide occurrence． |
| Key words: Red tide disaster,Spatiotemporal distribution,Hazard classification,Guangdong coastal waters |
