| 摘要: |
| 海洋油气资源开发是保障国家能源安全、推进海洋强国战略的核心支撑。文章系统梳理了1982 年以来我国 30 余项海洋油气开发管理政策文本，分析现行政策法规特征及存在的问题。研究表明，我国海洋油气资源开发管理政策已形成以国家法律为核心、行业规章为支撑的分层协同制度框架，但存在政策更新滞后与开发需求脱节、监管方式不适配海洋开发特殊性、深远海开发专项政策缺失、跨部门协调性不足及信息透明度较低等问题。针对上述问题，文章提出定期评估优化政策、制定海洋专项监管条例、完善深远海开发立法、建立跨部门协调机制及强化信息公开等对策。未来海洋油气开发将向深远海迈进，需以深水及超深水技术突破为引领，结合人工智能等数智技术，推动开发向高效可持续方向发展 |
| 关键词: 海洋油气资源 资源开发管理 政策法规 深远海油气开发 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.2025.09.004 |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-21修订日期：2025-08-03 |
| 基金项目:自然资源部东海局青年海洋科学基金项目（2023180403）. |
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| A Study on the Policies for the Development and Management of China’s Marine Oil and Gas Resources |
| ZHANG Zhiwei,DAI Wenjuan,WANG Lei,CHEN Kuo,ZHANG Feng,GAO Jingxia |
| East China Sea Islands and Maritime Center，MNR;
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies，MNR;East China Sea Marine Forecasting and Disaster Reduction Center，MNR |
| Abstract: |
| The development of marine oil and gas resources constitutes the pivotal support for national energy security and the strategy aimed at building a maritime power．This article systematically reviews more than 30 policy texts on offshore oil and gas development and management in China since 1982，identifying the distinct characteristics and inherent challenges of the current regulatory framework．The results indicate that a hierarchical and collaborative institutional framework with national laws as the core and industry regulations as the support have been formed，in terms of China’s marine oil and gas resource development and management policies．However，some prominent issues persist，including outdated policy updates，a disconnect between current development needs and reality， regulatory approaches that are not tailored to the unique characteristics of the ocean，the absence of dedicated policies for the exploration of deep and distant seas，inadequate interdepartmental coordination，and limited information transparency．In response to the aforementioned issues，measures such as regularly evaluating and optimizing policies， formulating specialized marine regulatory frameworks，enhancing legislation for the development of deep and distant seas，establishing interdepartmental coordination mechanisms，and strengthening information transparency are proposed．The study concludes that as offshore development shifts toward deeper and more remote waters，driven by technological breakthroughs in deep-water and ultra-deep-water sectors，the industry will evolve toward a more efficient and sustainable path by synergizing these advancements with artificial intelligence and digital intelligence innovations. |
| Key words: Marine oil and gas resources,Management of resource development,Policy and regulatory frameworks, Deep-water and ultra-deep-water oil and gas exploration |
