| 摘要: |
| 为有效应对海洋环境污染和保护海洋生态环境，文章在明确海洋环境污染突发事件基本概念、分类和特征的基础上，分析我国海洋环境污染突发事件应急处置的立法现状和存在的不足，并提出对策建议。研究结果表明：海洋环境污染突发事件是突发环境事件的种类之一，成因可归为自然因素和人为因素，具有污染源复杂、突然性和不确定性、危害后果严重以及应急处置艰难等特征；目前我国宪法和法律针对突发环境事件有相关规定，而专门规制海洋环境污染突发事件应急处置的法律规范多见于行政法规和规章；以问题为导向，构建我国海洋环境污染突发事件应急处置法律体系应进一步完善应急预案制度、完善风险信息收集途经、明确执法主体职能职责和建立应急联动机制、健全公众参与制度、建立企业信息通报问责制度以及完善后续调查评估制度和相关补偿制度。 |
| 关键词: 海洋环境污染 突发环境事件 海洋生态环境 应急处置 法律体系 |
| DOI：10.20016/j.cnki.hykfygl.20220402.002 |
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| 基金项目:2019年辽宁省教育厅课题项目“辽宁省民族自治地区乡村振兴路径选择研究”（QW201902）以及“乡村振兴背景下辽宁省法治渔村建设问题研究”（LJKR0261）. |
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| Legal System Construction for Emergency Disposal of Marine Environmental Pollution Emergencies in China |
| LIU Yang,ZHAO Long,JIANG Yiying |
| School of Marine Law and Humanities，Dalian Ocean University;School of Economics and Management，Dalian University |
| Abstract: |
| In order to deal with the marine environmental pollution and protect the marine ecological environment effectively, this paper analyzed the current legislative situation and existing shortcomings of China′s emergency disposal of marine environmental pollution emergencies and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions based on clarifying the basic concepts, classifications and characteristics of marine environmental pollution emergencies. The results showed that marine environmental pollution emergency was one of the types of environmental emergencies, and the causes could be classified into natural factors and human factors, which were characterized by complex pollution sources, sudden and uncertain, serious harmful consequences and difficult emergency treatment. At present, China′s constitution and laws had relevant provisions on environmental emergencies, while the legal norms specifically regulated the emergency disposal of marine environmental pollution emergencies were mostly found in administrative regulations and rules. Taken the problem as the orientation, the construction of China′s legal system for emergency disposal of marine environmental pollution emergency should further improve the emergency plan system, improve the way of collecting risk information, clarify the functions and responsibilities of law enforcement entities, establish an emergency linkage mechanism, improve the public participation system, establish an accountability system for corporate information reporting, and improve the followup investigation and evaluation system and related compensation system. |
| Key words: Marine environmental pollution,Environmental emergencies,Marine ecological environment,Emergency disposal,System of law |
