摘要: |
为促进中国对南极事务的深入参与以及贯彻落实海洋强国战略,文章概述现有两大南极海洋保护区设立谈判与制度建设中的各项法律争议,分析设立南极海洋保护区的法律困境及其影响因素,并提出突破路径以及中国参与设立南极海洋保护区的对策建议。研究结果表明:法律依据的不足、科学证据的匮乏、具体规章制度的短缺以及对《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》第二条权威解释的欠缺是设立南极海洋保护区所面临的主要法律困境,而导致以上困境出现的关键因素涉及政治立场、经济利益、国际法理论和全球公海保护区实践;进一步深化国家管辖范围外区域海洋生物多样性国际协定与南极治理机制的协调适用以及全方位促进南极海洋保护区养护措施的实施和完善是突破困境的核心策略;中国作为《南极条约》协商国,应积极推动国内南极立法、加强南极海洋生态环境等领域的科学研究以及鼓励国内非政府组织加入设立南极海洋保护区的国际议程,积极参与讨论并明确表达立场与主张,进一步融入南极治理的非政府联盟,提高中国在南极海洋保护区设立中的国际话语权,更好地维护国家权益。 |
关键词: 南极海洋保护区 法律困境 全球海洋治理 南极事务 海洋生物资源 |
DOI: |
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基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大研究专项项目“公海保护国际规则制定研究”子课题一“公海保护区国际态势分析”(19VHQ006);中国海洋大学研究生自主科研项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目)“公海保护区管理模式与制度安排研究——以南极MPA为视角”(201961054) |
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Legal Dilemma and Outlet of Establishing and Building Antarctic Marine Protected Area:Concerned with China′s Response |
LIU Huirong,QI Xuewei |
Law School,Ocean University of China |
Abstract: |
In order to promote China′s in-depth participation in Antarctic affairs and implement the goal of Maritime Power Strategy,the paper summarized the legal disputes in the negotiation and system construction of the 2 existing Antarctic Marine Protected Areas(MPA),and analyzed the legal dilemmas and influencing factors among the establishment of the Antarctic MPA,and proposed breakthrough paths and countermeasures and suggestions for China′s participation in the establishment of Antarctic MPA.The research results showed that the lack of legal basis,scientific evidence,specific rules and regulations,and an authoritative interpretation of Article 2 of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR) were the main legal dilemmas faced by the establishment of Antarctic MPA.The key factors leading to the above dilemma involved political stances,economic interests,international law theories,and the practice of global high-seas MPA.Therefore,further deepening the coordination and application of the BBNJ international agreement and the Antarctic governance mechanism and comprehensively promoting the implementation and validity of the Antarctic MPA conservation measures were the core strategies to break through the dilemma.At the same time,as a negotiating country for the Antarctic Treaty,China should actively promote domestic Antarctic legislation,strengthen scientific research in the Antarctic marine ecological environment,encourage domestic non-governmental organizations to join the international agenda for the establishment of Antarctic MPA,actively participate in discussions and make clear expressions positions and propositions,further integrate into the non-governmental alliance of Antarctic governance,enhance China′s international voice in the establishment of Antarctic MPA,and better uphold national rights and interests. |
Key words: Antarctic marine protected areas,Legal dilemma,Global ocean management,Antarctic affairs,Living marine resources |