摘要: |
在国家层面提出建立以国家公园为主体、自然保护区为基础、自然公园为补充的自然保护地分类体系的框架下,文章以海南省为例,以景观生态学为基本理论依据,对海洋自然保护地体系进行深化构建,以期为全国范围内整合归并和新增完善海洋自然保护地提供区域性的探索经验。研究结果表明:以管理目标为导向,通过梳理海南省现有海洋自然保护地类型及其存在的问题,借鉴世界自然保护联盟构建自然保护地体系的经验,将国土空间内的海洋自然保护地深化和细化为国家公园(第Ⅰ类)、自然保护区(第Ⅱ类)、栖息地和物种管理区(第Ⅲ类)、自然与人文景观保护区(第Ⅳ类)、生态功能保护区(第Ⅴ类)和自然资源可持续利用自然保护地(第Ⅵ类)6个子类型;该体系既能体现本土特色,又便于与国际接轨;由于海洋具有流动性、连通性、垂直分带性和季节节律性等特性,针对基于管理目标差异构建的保护地分类体系,提出形成保护地网络体系、保护地空间嵌套和保护地随时间更替等建议,有助于海洋自然保护地的管理。 |
关键词: 管理目标 自然保护地 分类体系 海洋环境 海洋生态系统 |
DOI: |
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基金项目:海南省社会科学联合会海南自由贸易智库联盟2018年课题研究项目(HNSK(ZK)-2018-127) |
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The Classification System of Marine Nature Reserve in Hainan Province from the Perspective of Management by Objectives |
CHEN Xi,LIANG Songbin |
Qiongtai Normal University;Hainan University |
Abstract: |
Under the framework of the national level proposed to establish a classification system for nature reserves with national parks as the main body,nature reserves as the foundation,and natural parks as the supplement,the paper took Hainan Province as an example,and took landscape ecology as the theoretical basis.The protected area system should be deepened and constructed,to provide regional exploration experience for the integration and consolidation of marine natural protected areas nationwide.The research results showed that,guided by management objectives,through sorting out the types of existing marine nature reserves in Hainan Province and their existing problems,and learning from the experience of the World Conservation Union in building a nature protection system,marine nature protection areas in the land space could be deepen and subdivided into national parks (category Ⅰ),nature reserves (category Ⅱ),habitat and species management areas (category Ⅲ),natural and human landscape protection areas (category Ⅳ),ecological function reserves (category Ⅴ) and 6 subtypes of nature reserves (category Ⅵ) for the sustainable use of natural resources;the system can not only reflect local characteristics,but also facilitate the integration with international standards.Suggestions such as the formation of a protected area network system,spatial nesting of protected areas and the replacement of protected areas over time were proposed,which would be helpful to the management of marine natural protected areas,because of the mobility,connectivity,vertical zoning and the characteristics of seasonal rhythm of the ocean,according to the classification system of protected areas based on the difference of management objectives. |
Key words: Management objectives,Nature reserve,Classification system,Marine environment,Marine ecosystem |