| 摘要: |
| 为充分发挥自然资源框架下海区派出机构对地方政府的海洋督察职能，规范地方政府在海洋自然资源领域的开发利用活动，文章研究海洋督察在自然资源工作中的定位及其实施方式和内在逻辑，分析海洋督察工作的难点与困境，并提出对策建议。研究结果表明：海区派出机构通过运动型治理模式开展的专项督察以及日常性的例行督察和审核督察，可对地方违法违规的海洋自然资源开发利用活动起到威慑、预防和纠正的作用，但在把握督察尺度、聚焦督察对象、确保督察威慑力和保障督察队伍工作积极性等方面面临诸多困难；为有效履行海洋督察职能，海区派出机构须确保海洋督察目标与国家主要治理目标相一致，明确地方党委和政府的主体责任以及党政领导的决策责任，通过完善工作机制增强海洋督察的威慑力，并通过优化异地督察和适当倾斜财政拨款等方式提升下属事业单位参与督察的积极性，从而确保自然资源框架下的海洋督察工作既有能力维护中央政策的权威性，又能推动地方海洋自然资源领域存在的突出问题得到有效解决。 |
| 关键词: 自然资源管理 海区派出机构 海洋督察 专项督察 国家行政管理 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家海洋局南海维权技术与应用重点实验室项目（SCS1608）；国家海洋局南海维权技术与应用重点实验室和国家海洋局南海分局局长基金项目（1719）；广东省促进经济高质量发展专项资金海洋经济发展项目（GDOE［2019］A44，GDOE［2019］A55）. |
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| Supervising Function of Marine Dispatched Agencies under Natural Resources Management System |
| SHAO Xiancheng |
| South China Sea Information Center，SOA |
| Abstract: |
| To give full play to the effectiveness of ocean supervision under natural resources management system and regulate the boundaries of local government′s development and utilization activities in the field of marine natural resources,this paper studied the role of ocean supervision in natural resources management work,implementation methods and internal logic,analyzed the difficulties and dilemmas of ocean supervision,and proposed countermeasures.The research results showed that through special supervision,routine supervision and audit supervision,the marine dispatched agencies can play a deterrent,preventive,and corrective role in the development and utilization of marine natural resources by local governments.However,the marine dispatched agencies face many difficulties in grasping the supervision standards,focusing on the supervision targets,ensuring the deterrence of the supervision,and ensuring the enthusiasm of the supervision teams.In order to effectively perform the functions of ocean supervision,the marine dispatched agencies need to ensure that the ocean supervision are consistent with the main national governance objectives,clarify the main responsibilities of local party committees and governments,and the decisionmakers′ responsibilities of party and government leaders,and enhance the deterrence of ocean supervision by improving working mechanisms.The marine dispatched agencies also can optimize the enthusiasm of subordinate institutions to participate in the supervision by optimizing the supervision of different places and the appropriate tilt of financial allocation.This will ensure that the ocean supervision team under the natural resources framework has the ability to maintain the authority of the central policy and effectively solve the outstanding problems in the field of local marine natural resources. |
| Key words: Natural resources management,Marine dispatched agencies,Ocean supervision,Special supervision,State administration |
